Adverse events refer to any unexpected or harmful event that occurs during the course of medical treatment or healthcare interventions. These events can include medication errors, infections acquired in healthcare settings, surgical complications, and other unintended consequences of medical care. Adverse events are a major concern in healthcare as they can lead to patient harm, increased healthcare costs, and legal liabilities. Research in this area aims to understand the causes of adverse events, develop strategies to prevent them, and improve patient safety in healthcare settings. By identifying and addressing adverse events, researchers can help to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients.